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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to the learner-internal aspects, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the social ties they could draw on were important. For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their pragmatic choice to avoid expressing criticism of the strictness of a professor (see example 2). This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on pragmatic core topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has numerous advantages but it also has a few drawbacks. For example it is that the DCT cannot account for cultural and individual variations in communication. Furthermore, the DCT can be biased and could lead to overgeneralizations. As a result, it should be analyzed carefully prior to using it for research or for assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate the social variables that are relevant to politeness in two or more steps can be a strength. This can assist researchers understand the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, the DCT has become one of the most significant tools for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to analyze many issues, such as politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can be used to assess phonological complexity in learners' speech. A recent study employed a DCT to test EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from, and then asked to choose the most appropriate response. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal, such as videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other data collection methods. DCTs can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as design and content. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test creators. They are not always accurate and may misrepresent how ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires further research on different methods of assessing the ability to refuse. In a recent study DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with the responses of an oral DCT. from this source revealed that the DCT promoted more direct and conventionally form-based requests and a lower use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when it comes to using Korean through a variety of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms. Their decisions were influenced by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their ongoing lives, as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment. The MQ data was first analyzed to determine the participants' actual choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices with their linguistic performance on the DCTs in order to determine if they are indicative of pragmatic resistance. In addition, the interviewees were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a specific situation. The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This could be due to their lack of experience with the target language which led to an insufficient knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference for converging to L1 or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms – and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms. The RIs also revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatism in every DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders independent of each other and then coded. The coding process was an iterative process, where the coders read and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Refusal Interviews (RIs) A key question of pragmatic research is the reason why learners are hesitant to adhere to pragmatic norms that native speakers use. Recent research sought to answer this question with a variety of experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs either in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to think about and discuss their responses to each DCT situation. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs rejected the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones. They were also aware of their pragmatism resistance. They attributed their actions to learner-internal factors like their identities, personalities, multilingual identities, and ongoing lives. They also referred external factors, like relationship affordances. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors facilitated a more relaxed performance with respect to the intercultural and linguistic standards of their university. However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and consequences that they could be subject to if they violated the local social norms. They were concerned that their local friends might think they are “foreigners” and believe that they are not intelligent. This concern was similar in nature to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They may still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reconsider the validity of these tests in various cultural contexts and specific situations. visit the up coming article will help them better understand the effect of different cultures on the classroom behavior and interactions of students from L2. Additionally this will allow educators to develop more effective methodologies to teach and test korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy. Case Studies The case study method is a strategy that utilizes deep, participatory investigations to investigate a specific topic. This method makes use of various sources of data like interviews, observations and documents, to support its findings. This kind of research is useful for examining unique or complex subjects that are difficult to quantify using other methods. In a case study, the first step is to define both the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are essential for research and which are best left out. It is also helpful to read the literature to gain a general understanding of the subject. It will also help place the case in a wider theoretical context. This study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study showed that L2 Korean students were particularly susceptible to native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices, which were literal interpretations. This was a departure from accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency of adding their own text or “garbage” to their responses. This lowered the quality of their answers. Moreover, the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their third or second year of university and were aiming for level 6 on their next attempt. They were asked questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness, understanding understanding of the world. The interviewees were given two scenarios, each of which involved a hypothetical interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the following strategies when making a request. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice. The majority of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personalities. TS for instance stated that she was difficult to get along with and would not inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they were working at a high rate, even though she thought native Koreans would.